• county
  • FIPS 29123
  • Largest town: Fredericktown

Madison County, Missouri

Madison County had 12,852 residents in the Census Vintage 2024 estimate, on 494.4 square miles of land. It ranks 74th of 115 in Missouri by population and 84th by land area.

Population
12,852
#74 of 115 in Missouri · #2,230 in US
Area
494.4 sq mi
#84 of 115 in Missouri · #2,106 in US
Density
26 / sq mi
#67 of 115 in Missouri · #2,038 in US
Median household income
$52,339
#82 of 115 in Missouri · #2,527 in US

Census Vintage 2024 estimates · SAIPE 2023 income · 2024 Gazetteer land area

Madison County within Missouri. Pin: Jefferson City.

Measure from here

Tools and pages that start from Madison County

Madison County population, land area and income

Madison County had 12,852 residents in the Census Vintage 2024 estimate, on 494.4 square miles of land. It ranks 74th of 115 in Missouri by population and 84th by land area. That works out to 26.0 people per square mile, below the US average of 96.3, and below the national county median.

The median county-equivalent in Missouri has 19,100 residents; Madison County is somewhat smaller.

Its SAIPE 2023 median household income of $52,339 is in the bottom quarter among 3,143 counties with an estimate.

National rank among 3,144

Population

12,852

3144th1st

2230th of 3,144 (US)

Land area

494 sq mi

3144th1st

2106th of 3,144 (US)

Density

26.0 / sq mi

3144th1st

2038th of 3,144 (US)

Median household income

$52,339

3143rd1st

2527th of 3,143 (US)

Rank within Missouri (115)

Population

12,852

115th1st

74th of 115 (MO)

Land area

494 sq mi

115th1st

84th of 115 (MO)

Density

26.0 / sq mi

115th1st

67th of 115 (MO)

Median household income

$52,339

115th1st

82nd of 115 (MO)

How Madison County's population changed since 2020

Madison County gained 227 residents between the July 2020 and July 2024 estimates, a rise of 1.8%. That ranks 51st of 115 in Missouri for growth. The median Missouri county changed by +1.4%, and the state as a whole by +1.5%.

Since the April 2020 estimates base, Madison County recorded 533 births and 843 deaths, a natural change of -310. Net international migration added +83 and net domestic migration, people moving to or from other US counties, came to +451. The largest single component was domestic migration, which added 451 people.

12.6k202012.7k202112.8k202212.7k202312.9k2024
Census Vintage 2024 county estimates for July 1 of each year. The axis starts above zero so year-to-year changes are visible.

Components of change, April 2020 to July 2024

Births
533
Deaths
843
Net international migration
+83
Net domestic migration
+451
Change, July 2023 to July 2024
+113

Where Madison County is

The Census internal point of Madison County is at 37.474500, -90.343400. It sits in UTM zone 15N. The map shades Missouri's 115 county-equivalents by population change from 2020 to 2024, darker for faster growth, with Madison County outlined. Dots are towns of 1,000+ people with residents in it.

Pettis County: +1.8%Henry County: +2.7%Texas County: +5.7%Madison County: +1.8%St. Louis city: -6.9%Cole County: +1.3%Washington County: +0.6%Macon County: -0.1%Barton County: +0.8%Grundy County: +0.1%Cedar County: +5.7%Randolph County: -1.6%Ray County: +0.3%Caldwell County: +2.0%Benton County: +6.1%Douglas County: +5.9%Shannon County: +3.4%Dade County: +0.5%Wright County: +7.1%Gentry County: +2.6%Lawrence County: +3.0%Cooper County: +2.9%Hickory County: +5.6%Moniteau County: +0.5%Dent County: +2.3%Monroe County: +2.3%Maries County: +0.7%Bollinger County: +0.5%Clinton County: +2.4%Knox County: +0.0%Webster County: +7.8%Harrison County: +0.4%Pulaski County: -0.1%Adair County: +1.5%Warren County: +7.7%Daviess County: +1.3%Audrain County: -1.9%Howard County: -0.1%Linn County: +0.4%Saline County: -0.1%Miller County: +3.6%Dallas County: +4.3%Morgan County: +6.7%New Madrid County: -6.8%Newton County: +4.8%Oregon County: +1.0%Franklin County: +2.3%Greene County: +2.9%Ralls County: +1.4%Lafayette County: +1.4%Livingston County: +4.8%McDonald County: +3.3%Barry County: +3.1%Cape Girardeau County: +2.2%Carroll County: -0.6%Christian County: +7.6%Vernon County: +0.6%Carter County: +3.0%Andrew County: -0.1%Jasper County: +2.9%Worth County: -4.9%Lincoln County: +10.1%Marion County: -0.2%Holt County: +1.2%Howell County: +2.4%St. Francois County: +1.6%Chariton County: +0.1%Butler County: -0.6%Iron County: -1.0%Perry County: +0.7%Cass County: +5.3%St. Louis County: -1.0%Dunklin County: -4.3%Wayne County: -1.1%Ozark County: +6.7%Laclede County: +1.9%Reynolds County: -2.5%Lewis County: -1.9%Taney County: +1.2%Ripley County: +0.4%Ste. Genevieve County: +0.4%Scotland County: -0.1%Putnam County: -3.1%Schuyler County: +1.5%Shelby County: -2.8%Boone County: +4.4%Mercer County: -1.7%Platte County: +5.6%Camden County: +3.1%Bates County: +2.1%Johnson County: +3.4%Sullivan County: -3.8%Atchison County: -3.1%Scott County: -0.2%Montgomery County: +2.0%Jefferson County: +2.2%Clark County: -0.5%Callaway County: +1.8%St. Clair County: +5.4%Buchanan County: -1.1%Pemiscot County: -7.6%Polk County: +4.6%Phelps County: +2.5%Stone County: +4.6%Osage County: +1.7%Clay County: +3.6%Nodaway County: -2.4%Crawford County: -1.0%Jackson County: +1.4%St. Charles County: +4.3%Mississippi County: -3.1%Pike County: +3.1%Stoddard County: -0.7%Gasconade County: -0.7%DeKalb County: -14.8%
Change 2020 to 2024
  1. < -0.7%
  2. < +0.5%
  3. < +2.0%
  4. < +3.6%
  5. ≥ +3.6%
no data

Orange pin: Madison County internal point. Dark pin: Jefferson City.

Internal point

Decimal
37.474500, -90.343400
DMS
37°28'28.20"N 90°20'36.24"W
UTM
15N 734919.0E 4150827.2N
Geohash
9yxv0njby
Plus code
869FFMF4+RJ

Towns in Madison County

One incorporated place of 1,000+ people has residents in Madison County, 4,581 people together, or 36% of the county. Each figure counts only the part of the town inside Madison County; towns marked "part" extend into another county. The largest is Fredericktown with 4,581.

  1. 01Fredericktown4,581
Census Vintage 2024 subcounty estimates, county parts of incorporated places (SUMLEV 157).

Counties bordering Madison County

The Census 2024 county adjacency file lists 5 neighbors for Madison County. The most populous is St. Francois County, MO, with 67,503 residents. Distances run between Census internal points in a straight line.

Distance to Jefferson City and the nearest big city

Jefferson City is 125.5 miles NW of Madison County's internal point in a straight line. The nearest place of 100,000 or more is St. Louis, MO (population 279,695), 80.4 miles away. The nearest place of 10,000 or more is Farmington, MO (population 19,165), 21.7 miles away.

Madison County FIPS code

The FIPS code of Madison County is 29123: state code 29 for Missouri plus county code 123. Use it as text, with the leading zero, when joining Census, BLS, or CDC county tables. SAIPE lists its 2023 median household income as $52,339.

Questions people ask

What is the population of Madison County, Missouri?

The Census Vintage 2024 estimate for July 1, 2024 is 12,852. That is up 227 people (1.8%) from the July 2020 estimate of 12,625.

What is the FIPS code of Madison County?

29123. The first two digits (29) are Missouri; the last three (123) identify the county.

What is the largest town in Madison County?

Fredericktown, with 4,581 residents inside Madison County in 2024.

Which counties border Madison County?

5 county-equivalents border it in the Census 2024 adjacency file: St. Francois County, MO; Perry County, MO; Wayne County, MO; Bollinger County, MO; Iron County, MO.

Sources and data as of

Data as of: Census Vintage 2024 population estimates, 2024 Gazetteer land area and internal points, SAIPE 2023 median household income.

  1. 01Census Vintage 2024 county population estimates
  2. 02Census 2024 Gazetteer, counties
  3. 03Census SAIPE 2023 state and county estimates
  4. 04Census Vintage 2024 subcounty population estimates
  5. 05Census 2024 county adjacency file
  6. 06Census 2024 cartographic boundary file, counties (1:5,000,000)

How every number is computed: methodology. Spotted a wrong figure? Report an error.