• county
  • FIPS 01089
  • Largest town: Huntsville

Madison County, Alabama

Madison County had 423,355 residents in the Census Vintage 2024 estimate, on 801.6 square miles of land. It ranks 2nd of 67 in Alabama by population and 19th by land area.

Population
423,355
#2 of 67 in Alabama · #181 in US
Area
801.6 sq mi
#19 of 67 in Alabama · #1,060 in US
Density
528 / sq mi
#2 of 67 in Alabama · #270 in US
Median household income
$86,172
#2 of 67 in Alabama · #307 in US

Census Vintage 2024 estimates · SAIPE 2023 income · 2024 Gazetteer land area

Madison County within Alabama. Pin: Montgomery.

Measure from here

Tools and pages that start from Madison County

Madison County population, land area and income

Madison County had 423,355 residents in the Census Vintage 2024 estimate, on 801.6 square miles of land. It ranks 2nd of 67 in Alabama by population and 19th by land area. That works out to 528.1 people per square mile, 5.5 times the US average of 96.3, and in the top tenth nationally.

The median county-equivalent in Alabama has 33,813 residents, so Madison County is 12.5 times that size.

Its SAIPE 2023 median household income of $86,172 is in the top tenth among 3,143 counties with an estimate.

National rank among 3,144

Population

423,355

3144th1st

181st of 3,144 (US)

Land area

802 sq mi

3144th1st

1060th of 3,144 (US)

Density

528.1 / sq mi

3144th1st

270th of 3,144 (US)

Median household income

$86,172

3143rd1st

307th of 3,143 (US)

Rank within Alabama (67)

Population

423,355

67th1st

2nd of 67 (AL)

Land area

802 sq mi

67th1st

19th of 67 (AL)

Density

528.1 / sq mi

67th1st

2nd of 67 (AL)

Median household income

$86,172

67th1st

2nd of 67 (AL)

How Madison County's population changed since 2020

Madison County gained 32,828 residents between the July 2020 and July 2024 estimates, a rise of 8.4%. That ranks 3rd of 67 in Alabama for growth. The median Alabama county changed by +0.2%, and the state as a whole by +2.5%.

Since the April 2020 estimates base, Madison County recorded 18,933 births and 16,545 deaths, a natural change of +2,388. Net international migration added +5,072 and net domestic migration, people moving to or from other US counties, came to +27,633. The largest single component was domestic migration, which added 27,633 people.

390.5k2020396.7k2021404.2k2022413.9k2023423.4k2024
Census Vintage 2024 county estimates for July 1 of each year. The axis starts above zero so year-to-year changes are visible.

Components of change, April 2020 to July 2024

Births
18,933
Deaths
16,545
Net international migration
+5,072
Net domestic migration
+27,633
Change, July 2023 to July 2024
+9,464

Where Madison County is

The Census internal point of Madison County is at 34.764200, -86.551100. It sits in UTM zone 16N. The map shades Alabama's 67 county-equivalents by population change from 2020 to 2024, darker for faster growth, with Madison County outlined. Dots are towns of 1,000+ people with residents in it.

Clay County: +0.2%Baldwin County: +12.2%Coffee County: +5.2%Fayette County: -2.9%Chilton County: +4.9%Perry County: -8.7%Lamar County: -2.9%Morgan County: +2.2%Bibb County: +0.4%Butler County: -4.1%Barbour County: -2.5%Franklin County: -0.6%Chambers County: -2.2%Macon County: -6.7%Marshall County: +4.6%DeKalb County: +2.0%Russell County: -0.7%Geneva County: +2.1%Houston County: +1.9%Greene County: -7.5%Talladega County: -0.1%Monroe County: -3.3%Mobile County: -0.5%Covington County: +0.6%Cullman County: +5.1%Lauderdale County: +3.7%Shelby County: +5.4%Clarke County: -3.7%Lowndes County: -7.8%St. Clair County: +5.7%Choctaw County: -4.5%Blount County: +1.8%Dallas County: -6.9%Conecuh County: -3.8%Elmore County: +3.6%Autauga County: +4.3%Henry County: +5.6%Montgomery County: -1.1%Jefferson County: -1.5%Hale County: +2.3%Jackson County: +2.4%Madison County: +8.4%Washington County: -2.0%Bullock County: -3.2%Pike County: +0.7%Crenshaw County: -0.4%Dale County: +1.6%Lee County: +7.4%Cleburne County: +5.6%Tallapoosa County: -1.4%Lawrence County: +1.5%Pickens County: -2.4%Colbert County: +2.6%Winston County: +1.6%Marion County: +0.5%Calhoun County: +0.2%Etowah County: -0.2%Randolph County: +4.4%Wilcox County: -6.3%Tuscaloosa County: +3.7%Sumter County: -4.8%Walker County: +0.2%Cherokee County: +4.6%Escambia County: -0.2%Limestone County: +14.1%Coosa County: -0.5%Marengo County: -3.9%
Change 2020 to 2024
  1. < -3.2%
  2. < -0.5%
  3. < +1.6%
  4. < +4.3%
  5. ≥ +4.3%
no data

Orange pin: Madison County internal point. Dark pin: Montgomery.

Internal point

Decimal
34.764200, -86.551100
DMS
34°45'51.12"N 86°33'3.96"W
UTM
16N 541080.2E 3846986.0N
Geohash
dn4my2xkj
Plus code
866MQC7X+MH

Towns in Madison County

5 incorporated places of 1,000+ people have residents in Madison County, 286,882 people together, or 68% of the county. Each figure counts only the part of the town inside Madison County; towns marked "part" extend into another county. The largest is Huntsville with 225,322.

  1. 01Huntsville (part)225,322
  2. 02Madison (part)50,506
  3. 03Triana4,936
  4. 04Owens Cross Roads3,164
  5. 05New Hope2,954
Census Vintage 2024 subcounty estimates, county parts of incorporated places (SUMLEV 157).

Counties bordering Madison County

The Census 2024 county adjacency file lists 6 neighbors for Madison County, including 2 across a state line. The most populous is Morgan County, AL, with 126,084 residents. Distances run between Census internal points in a straight line.

Distance to Montgomery and the nearest big city

Montgomery is 165.6 miles S of Madison County's internal point in a straight line. The nearest place of 100,000 or more is Huntsville, AL (population 230,402), 8.5 miles away.

Madison County FIPS code

The FIPS code of Madison County is 01089: state code 01 for Alabama plus county code 089. Use it as text, with the leading zero, when joining Census, BLS, or CDC county tables. SAIPE lists its 2023 median household income as $86,172.

Questions people ask

What is the population of Madison County, Alabama?

The Census Vintage 2024 estimate for July 1, 2024 is 423,355. That is up 32,828 people (8.4%) from the July 2020 estimate of 390,527.

What is the FIPS code of Madison County?

01089. The first two digits (01) are Alabama; the last three (089) identify the county.

What is the largest town in Madison County?

Huntsville, with 225,322 residents inside Madison County in 2024 (230,402 across all 3 counties it spans).

Which counties border Madison County?

6 county-equivalents border it in the Census 2024 adjacency file: Morgan County, AL; Limestone County, AL; Marshall County, AL; Jackson County, AL; Franklin County, TN; Lincoln County, TN.

Sources and data as of

Data as of: Census Vintage 2024 population estimates, 2024 Gazetteer land area and internal points, SAIPE 2023 median household income.

  1. 01Census Vintage 2024 county population estimates
  2. 02Census 2024 Gazetteer, counties
  3. 03Census SAIPE 2023 state and county estimates
  4. 04Census Vintage 2024 subcounty population estimates
  5. 05Census 2024 county adjacency file
  6. 06Census 2024 cartographic boundary file, counties (1:5,000,000)

How every number is computed: methodology. Spotted a wrong figure? Report an error.