Madison County, Illinois

Madison County population, land area and income

Madison County had 263,017 residents in the Census Vintage 2024 estimate, on 715.5 square miles of land. It ranks 8th of 102 in Illinois by population and 22nd by land area. That works out to 367.6 people per square mile, 3.8 times the US average of 96.3, and in the top quarter nationally.

The median county-equivalent in Illinois has 24,447 residents, so Madison County is 10.8 times that size.

Its SAIPE 2023 median household income of $73,194 is in the top quarter among 3,143 counties with an estimate.

How Madison County's population changed since 2020

Madison County lost 2,732 residents between the July 2020 and July 2024 estimates, a drop of 1.0%. That ranks 32nd of 102 in Illinois for growth. The median Illinois county changed by -1.7%, and the state as a whole by -0.7%.

Since the April 2020 estimates base, Madison County recorded 10,652 births and 13,863 deaths, a natural change of -3,211. Net international migration added +796 and net domestic migration, people moving to or from other US counties, came to -619. The largest single component was natural change, which removed 3,211 people.

Where Madison County is

The Census internal point of Madison County is at 38.827100, -89.900200. It sits in UTM zone 16N. The map shades Illinois's 102 county-equivalents by population change from 2020 to 2024, darker for faster growth, with Madison County outlined. Dots are towns of 1,000+ people with residents in it.

Towns in Madison County

21 incorporated places of 1,000+ people have residents in Madison County, 203,688 people together, or 77% of the county. Each figure counts only the part of the town inside Madison County; towns marked "part" extend into another county. The largest is Granite City with 26,854.

Counties bordering Madison County

The Census 2024 county adjacency file lists 9 neighbors for Madison County, including 3 across a state line. The most populous is St. Louis County, MO, with 992,929 residents. Distances run between Census internal points in a straight line.

• MO

  St. Louis County, MO

  992,929 people

  32 mi WSW

• MO

  St. Charles County, MO

  423,726 people

  42 mi W

• MO

  St. Louis city, MO

  279,695 people

  23 mi SW

• St. Clair County

  251,149 people

  25 mi S

• Macoupin County

  43,895 people

  30 mi N

• Clinton County

  37,087 people

  30 mi ESE

• Montgomery County

  27,615 people

  36 mi NE

• Jersey County

  21,150 people

  30 mi NW

• Bond County

  16,576 people

  25 mi E

Distance to Springfield and the nearest big city

Springfield is 67.3 miles NNE of Madison County's internal point in a straight line. The nearest place of 100,000 or more is St. Louis, MO (population 279,695), 22.8 miles away. The nearest place of 10,000 or more is Edwardsville, IL (population 26,715), 5.4 miles away.

Madison County FIPS code

The FIPS code of Madison County is 17119: state code 17 for Illinois plus county code 119. Use it as text, with the leading zero, when joining Census, BLS, or CDC county tables. SAIPE lists its 2023 median household income as $73,194.